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Contributors


Editors

Robert S. Hoffman, MD, FAACT, FACMT
Director, New York City Poison Center
Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine
Bellevue Hospital Center and
New York University Medical Center
Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine and Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology)
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York

Lewis S. Nelson, MD, FAACT, FACEP, FACMT
Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship Program
Associate Director, New York City Poison Center
Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine
Bellevue Hospital Center and
New York University Medical Center
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York

Mary Ann Howland, PharmD, DABAT, FAACT
Clinical Professor of Pharmacy, St. John's University
College of Pharmacy
Adjunct Professor of Emergency Medicine
New York University School of Medicine
Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine
Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center
Senior Consultant in Residence
New York City Poison Center
New York, New York

Neal A. Lewin, MD, FACP, FACEP, FACMT
Director, Didactic Education
Attending Physician
Department of Emergency Medicine
The Stanley and Fiona Druckenmiller Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology)
Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University School of Medicine Consultant, New York City Poison Center
New York, New York

Neal E. Flomenbaum, MD, FACP, FACEP
Emergency Physician-in-Chief
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Weill Cornell Medical Center
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Weill Medical College, Cornell University
Consultant, New York City Poison Center
New York, New York

Lewis R. Goldfrank, MD, FACEP, FAAEM, FAACT, FACMT, FACP
Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine
New York University School of Medicine
Director, Emergency Medicine
Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center
Medical Director, New York City Poison Center
New York, New York

Contributors

Judith C. Ahronheim, MD, Chief, Division of Geriatrics, Visiting Professor of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, Chapter 32, "Geriatric Principles"

Michael H. Allen, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Director of Emergency Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, Chapter 18, "Psychiatric Principles"

Vincent L. Anthony, MD, Fellow in Nephrology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, Chapter 27, "Renal Principles"

Kavita Babu, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, Chapter 80, "Hallucinogens"

Fermin Barrueto, MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, Chapter 106, "Sodium Monofluoroacetate and Fluoroacetamide"

Dina Began, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, Chapter 29, "Dermatologic Principles"

Martin G. Belson, MD, Medical Toxicologist, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Georgia Poison Control Center, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, Chapter 36, "Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs"

Jeffrey N. Bernstein, MD, Medical Director, Florida Poison Information Center/ Miami, Voluntary Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miller Medical School, Attending Physician, Emergency Care Center, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, Antidotes in Brief A32, "Antivenom (Scorpion and Spider)"

Joseph M. Betz, PhD, Director, Dietary Supplement Methods and Reference Materials Program, Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Chapter 114, "Plants"

Steven B. Bird, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, Chapter 88, "Chromium"

Kenneth E. Bizovi, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Consultant, Oregon Poison Center, Portland, Oregon, Chapter 34, "Acetaminophen"

G. Randall Bond, MD, FACMT, Medical Director, Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information Center, Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Clinical Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, Chapter 56, "Antimalarials"

George M. Bosse, MD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville, Medical Director, Kentucky Regional Poison Center, Louisville, Kentucky, Chapter 48, "Antidiabetics and Hypoglycemics"

Nicole C. Bouchard, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 49, "Thyroid and Antithyroid Medications"

Edward W. Boyer, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Chief, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Chapter 55, "Antituberculous Medications"

Jeffrey R. Brubacher, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, University of British Columbia, Emergency Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Chapter 59, "ß-Adrenergic Antagonists"

D. Eric Brush, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, Chapter 116, "Marine Envenomations"

Keith K. Burkhart, MD, Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Regional Medical Toxicologist, Division of Regional Operations, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Hershey, Pennsylvania, Chapter 112, "Methyl Bromide and Other Fumigants"

Diane P. Calello, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, The Poison Control Center of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 94, "Selenium"

Louis R. Cantilena, Jr., MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Director, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, Bethesda, Maryland, Chapter 133, "Adverse Drug Events and Postmarketing Surveillance"

Gar Ming Chan, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 89, "Cobalt"

Yiu-Cheung Chan, MD, Medical Officer, Accident and Emergency Department, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China, Chapter 108, "Strychnine"

Alan N. Charney, MD, Adjunct Professor of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 17, "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Principles"

William K. Chiang, MD, Associate Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 21, "Otolaryngologic Principles", Chapter 73, "Amphetamines"

Anne-Bolette J. Christophersen, MD, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Chapter 8, "Techniques Used to Prevent Gastrointestinal Absorption"

Jason Chu, MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Associate Attending Emergency Physician, St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 28, "Genitourinary Principles", Chapter 51, "Antimigraine Medications"

Cathleen Clancy, MD, Associate Medical Director, National Capital Poison Center, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Attending Physician, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, Chapter 5, "Electrocardiographic Principles"

Richard F. Clark, MD, Medical Director, San Diego Division, California Poison Control System, Director, UCSD Division of Medical Toxicology, Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, Chapter 109, "Insecticides: Organic Phosphorus Compounds and Carbamates"

Pat Croskerry, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine and Faculty of Medical Education, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Chapter 134, "Medications, Errors, and Patient Safety"

Steven C. Curry, MD, Director, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, Chapter 14, "Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators"

John Curtis, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Division of Medical Toxicology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 93, "Nickel"

Andrew Dawson, MD, Visiting Professor of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Chapter 105, "Barium"

Kathleen A. Delaney, MD, Professor and Vice Chair, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Medical Director, Emergency Department, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, Chapter 13, "Biochemical and Metabolic Principles", Chapter 16, "Thermoregulatory Principles", Chapter 26, "Hepatic Principles", Antidotes in Brief A11, "Dextrose"

Francis DeRoos, MD, Residency Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 58, "Calcium Channel Blockers", Chapter 60, "Other Antihypertensives"

Suzanne Doyon, MD, Medical Director, Maryland Poison Center, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, Chapter 47, "Anticonvulsants"

Dainius A. Drukteinis, MD, JD, Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 135, "Risk Management and Legal Principles"

Michael Eddleston, PhD, MRCP, Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellow, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Chapter 131, "International Perspectives in Medical Toxicology"

Michele Burns Ewald, MD, Medical Director, Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Fellowship Director, Medical Toxicology, Children's Hospital Boston, Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Chapter 95, "Silver", Chapter 97, "Zinc", Chapter 107, "Phosphorus"

Donald A. Feinfeld, MD, Nephrology Fellowship Director, Beth Israel Medical Center, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Consultant in Nephrology, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 27, "Renal Principles"

Robert P. Ferm, MD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, Chapter 80, "Hallucinogens"

Jeffrey S. Fine, MD, Assistant Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Assistant Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 30, "Reproductive and Perinatal Principles", Chapter 31, "Pediatric Principles"

Mark Flomenbaum, MD, PhD, Chief Medical Examiner, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, Chapter 33, "Postmortem Toxicology"

Marsha D. Ford, MD, Director, Carolinas Poison Center, Director, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapter 85, "Arsenic"

Frederick W. Fraunfelder, MD, Cornea/Refractive Surgery, Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, Chapter 20, "Ophthalmic Principles"

Jessica A. Fulton, DO, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 100, "Caustics"

Beth Y. Ginsburg, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 41, "Vitamins"

Jeffrey A. Gold, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical Director of Critical Care, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 76, "Ethanol Withdrawal"

David S. Goldfarb, MD, Chief, Nephrology Section, New York Harbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 10, "Principles and Techniques Applied to Enhance Elimination"

Michael I. Greenberg, MD, MPH, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Public Health, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 93, "Nickel"

Howard A. Greller, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 68, "Lithium"

Martin Griffel, MD, Director, Cardiovascular ICU, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Center, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 65, "Inhalational Anesthetics"

David D. Gummin, MD, Medical Director, Wisconsin Poison Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Assistant Clinical Professor, Medical College of Wisconsin, Attending Emergency Physician, Infinity HealthCare Incorporated, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Chapter 102, "Hydrocarbons"

Jason B. Hack, MD, Associate Chair, Division of Medical Toxicology, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brody Medical School at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, Chapter 62, "Cardioactive Steroids"

In-Hei Hahn, MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Associate Attending Emergency Physician, Assistant Director of Research, St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 115, "Arthropods"

S. Eliza Halcomb, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 42, "Essential Oils"

Christine A. Haller, MD, Assistant Adjunct Professor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Assistant Medical Director, San Francisco Division, California Poison Control System, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, Chapter 39, "Dieting Agents and Regimens"

Richard J. Hamilton, MD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Program Director of Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 15, "Withdrawal Principles"

Robert G. Hendrickson, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Associate Medical Director, Oregon Poison Center, Portland, Oregon, Chapter 34, "Acetaminophen"

Fred M. Henretig, MD, Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Director, Section of Clinical Toxicology, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 91, "Lead"

Robert A. Hessler, MD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Assistant Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 23, "Cardiovascular Principles"

Aaron Hexdall, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Co-Director, International Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 131, "International Perspectives in Medical Toxicology"

Lotte C. G. Hoegberg, MS(Pharm), PhD, Department of International Health, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Chapter 8, "Techniques Used to Prevent Gastrointestinal Absorption"

Robert J. Hoffman, MD, Research Director, Beth Israel Medical Center, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 63, "Methylxanthines and Selective ß2 Adrenergic Agonists"

Michael G. Holland, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Consultant Medical Toxicologist, Central New York Poison Center, Syracuse, New York, Occupational Medical Director, Glens Falls Hospital, Glens Falls, New York, Chapter 110, "Insecticides: Organic Chlorines, Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids and DEET"

Christopher P. Holstege, MD, Director, Division of Medical Toxicology, Medical Director, Blue Ridge Poison Center, Associate Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Chapter 121, "Cyanide and Hydrogen Sulfide", Chapter 123, "Smoke Inhalation"

Daniel O. Hryhorczuk, MD, Professor and Director, Great Lakes Centers for Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Director, Toxikon Consortium, Chief of Clinical Toxicology, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, Chapter 102, "Hydrocarbons"

Oliver L. Hung, MD, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey, Chapter 43, "Herbal Preparations"

Gary E. Isom, PhD, Professor of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, Chapter 121, "Cyanide and Hydrogen Sulfide"

David N. Juurlink, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Attending Physician, Divisions of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Clinical Toxicologist, Ontario Regional Poison Information Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Chapter 67, "Antipsychotics"

Brian Kaufman, MD, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, Director, Critical Care Section, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, Chapter 64, "Local Anesthetics", Chapter 65, "Inhalational Anesthetics", Chapter 66, "Neuromuscular Blockers", Antidote in Brief A20, "Dantrolene Sodium"

Mark A. Kirk, MD, Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship, Division of Medical Toxicology, Associate Medical Director, Blue Ridge Poison Center, Assistant Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Chapter 11, "Intensive Care", Chapter 121, "Cyanide and Hydrogen Sulfide", Chapter 123, "Smoke Inhalation"

Barbara M. Kirrane, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 135, "Risk Management and Legal Principles"

Kurt C. Kleinschmidt, MD, Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Director, Toxicology Fellowship Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Emergency Department, Associate Medical Director, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, Chapter 13, "Biochemical and Metabolic Principles"

Lada Kokan, MD, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, Chapter 69, "Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors"

Donald P. Kotler, MD, Chief, Gastrointestinal Division, St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center, Professor of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, Chapter 25, "Gastrointestinal Principles"

Edwin K. Kuffner, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, University of Colorado, Attending Toxicologist, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, Colorado, Chapter 77, "Disulfiram and Disulfiramlike Reactions", Chapter 99, "Camphor and Moth Repellents"

Melisa W. Lai, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Chapter 95, "Silver"

David C. Lee, MD, Director of Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 72, "Sedative-Hypnotics"

Erica L. Liebelt, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham, Director, Medical Toxicology Services, Children's Hospital and University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, Chapter 71, "Cyclic Antidepressants"

Heather Long, MD, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, Chapter 79, "Inhalants"

Daniel Matalon, MD, Fellow in Nephrology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 10, "Principles and Techniques Applied to Enhance Elimination"

Michael McGuigan, MD, CM, MBA, Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, Medical Director, Long Island Regional Poison and Drug Information Center, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York, Chapter 81, "Cannabinoids"

Charles McKay, MD, Associate Medical Director, Connecticut Poison Control Center, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Chief, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, Chapter 124, "Risk Assessment and Risk Communication"

Maria Mercurio-Zappala, RPh, MS, Managing Director, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 96, "Thallium"

Sanford M. Miller, MD, Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, Assistant Director of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 66, "Neuromuscular Blockers", Antidotes in Brief A20, "Dantrolene Sodium"

Kirk C. Mills, MD, Associate Residency Director, Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, Chapter 14, "Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators"

Heikki E. Nikkanen, MD, Attending Physician, Medical Toxicology, Children's Hospital Boston, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Chapter 107, "Phosphorus"

Sean Patrick Nordt, MD, PharmD, Resident, Division of Emergency Medicine, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, Chapter 53, "Pharmaceutical Additives"

Ruben Olmedo, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Chief, Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 83 "Phencyclidine and Ketamine"

Kevin C. Osterhoudt, MD, MSCE, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Associate Scholar, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Medical Director, Poison Control Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 132, "Principles of Epidemiology and Research Design"

Edward J. Otten, MD, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Director, Division of Toxicology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, Chapter 117, "Snakes and Other Reptiles", Antidotes in Brief A33, "Antivenom (Crotaline and Elapid)"

Mary E. Palmer, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, Chapter 114, "Plants"

Jeanmarie Perrone, MD, Director, Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Attending Physician, Emergency Department, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 40, "Iron"

Anthony F. Pizon, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, Chapter 117, "Snakes and Other Reptiles", Antidotes in Brief A33, "Antivenom (Crotaline and Elapid)"

J. Samuel Pope, MD, Fellow in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Chapter 11, "Intensive Care"

Dennis Price, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 122, "Methemoglobin Inducers"

Lawrence S. Quang, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Medical Director, Greater Cleveland Poison Control Center, Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Critical Care, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, Chapter 78, "γ Hydroxybutyric Acid"

Petrie M. Rainey, MD, PhD, Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Head, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Director, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Director, Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, Chapter 7, "Laboratory Principles"

Rama B. Rao, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Forensic Pathology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 19, "Neurologic Principles", Chapter 33, "Postmortem Toxicology", Chapter 86, "Bismuth", Chapter 100, "Caustics", Chapter SC-1, "Special Considerations: Organ Procurement from Poisoned Patients"

Joseph Rella, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey, Chapter 128, "Radiation"

Bradley D. Riley, MD, Fellow in Medical Toxicology, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, Chapter 117, "Snakes and Other Reptiles", Antidotes in Brief A33, "Antivenom (Crotaline and Elapid)"

James R. Roberts, MD, Chair, Emergency Medicine, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Professor and Vice Chair, Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chapter 117, "Snakes and Other Reptiles", Antidotes in Brief A33, "Antivenom (Crotaline and Elapid)"

Anne-Michelle Ruha, MD, Associate Fellowship Director, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, Chapter 14, "Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators", Chapter 117, "Snakes and Other Reptiles", Antidotes in Brief A33, "Antivenom (Crotaline and Elapid)"

Morton E. Salomon, MD, Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, Connecticut, Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Chapter 82, "Nicotine and Tobacco Preparations"

Joshua G. Schier, MD, Medical Toxicologist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Medical Toxicology Attending, Medical Toxicology Fellowship, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, Chapter 37, "Colchicine and Podophyllin"

David R. Schwartz, MD, Section Chief, Critical Care Medicine, Assistant Professor of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 64, "Local Anesthetics"

David T. Schwartz, MD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Medical Center/Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 6, "Diagnostic Imaging"

Lauren Schwartz, MPH, Public Education Coordinator, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 129, "Poison Prevention and Education"

Mark R. Serper, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychology, Hofstra University, Research Associate Professor of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, Chapter 18, "Psychiatric Principles"

Adhi Sharma, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, New York, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 20, "Ophthalmic Principles"

Marco L. A. Sivilotti, MD, MSc, Consultant, Ontario Regional Poison Information Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Assistant Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Chapter 24, "Hematologic Principles"

Martin J. Smilkstein, MD, Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Research Associate, Portland VA Medical Center, Research Professor, Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, Chapter 20, "Ophthalmic Principles"

Christine M. Stork, PharmD, Clinical Associate Professor, Director, Central New York Poison Control Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse, New York, Chapter 54, "Antibiotics, Antifungals, and Antivirals", Chapter 70, "Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Atypical Antidepressants"

Mark Su, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Assistant Residency Director, Director of Medical Toxicology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, Chapter 57, "Anticoagulants", Chapter 101, "Hydrofluoric Acid and Fluorides"

Jeffrey R. Suchard, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, Chapter 126, "Chemical Weapons", Chapter 127, "Biological Weapons"

Young-Jin Sue, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Attending Physician, Pediatric Emergency Services, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, Chapter 92, "Mercury"

Kenneth M. Sutin, MD, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, Director of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 66, "Neuromuscular Blockers", Antidotes in Brief A20, "Dantrolene Sodium"

Asim F. Tarabar, MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, Chapter 84, "Antimony"

Stephen R. Thom, MD, PhD, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chief of Hyperbaric Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Antidotes in Brief A34, "Hyperbaric Oxygen"

Anthony J. Tomassoni, MD, Medical Director, Northern New England Poison Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Associate Professor, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Portland, Maine, Chapter 50, "Antihistamines and Decongestants"

Christian Tomaszewski, MD, Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Medical Director, Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, Chapter 120, "Carbon Monoxide"

Rebecca L. Tominack, MD, Assistant Medical Director, Missouri Regional Poison Center, Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Toxicology, Adjunct Associate Professor of Community Health, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, Chapter 111, "Herbicides"

Stephen J. Traub, MD, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Co- Director, Division of Toxicology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Chapter 12, "Chemical Principles", Chapter 87, "Cadmium"

Michael G. Tunik, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Director of Research, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, Chapter 45, "Food Poisoning"

Susi U. Vassallo, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York, Chapter 16, "Thermoregulatory Principles", Chapter 44, "Athletic Performance Enhancers"

Larissa I. Velez, MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Associate Residency Director, Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, Antidotes in Brief A11, "Dextrose"

Lisa E. Vivero, PharmD, Teaching Fellow, Trinity College, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), Dublin, Ireland, Chapter 53, "Pharmaceutical Additives"

Peter H. Wald, MD, MPH, Assistant Vice-President, Wellness, USAA, San Antonio, Texas, Chapter 118, "Industrial Poisoning: Information and Control"

Frank G. Walter, MD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Chief, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Director of Clinical Toxicology, University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, Chapter 125, "Hazmat Incident Response"

Richard Y. Wang, DO, Senior Medical Officer, Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Chapter 52, "Antineoplastics"

William A. Watson, PharmD, Associate Director, Toxicosurveillance, American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, Chapter 36, "Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs"

Paul M. Wax, MD, Medical Toxicology Fellowship Director, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, Chapter 1, "Historical Principles and Perspectives", Chapter 2, "Toxicologic Plagues and Disasters in History", Chapter 98, "Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Sterilants", Antidotes in Brief A1, "Antiquated Antidotes", Antidotes in Brief A6, "Sodium Bicarbonate"

Richard S. Weisman, PharmD, Director, Florida Poison Information Center, Miami, Research Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, Chapter 50,"Antihistamines and Decongestants"

Sage W. Wiener, MD, Assistant Director of Medical Toxicology, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, Consultant, New York City Poison Center, Chapter 103, "Toxic Alcohols"

Luke Yip, MD, Attending Physician, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Toxicology, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, Chapter 75, "Ethanol"